
Arweave is a decentralized storage network that enables permanent, censorship-resistant data storage. Unlike IPFS (which requires ongoing pinning) or Filecoin (which uses renewable storage deals), Arweave charges a one-time upfront fee and stores data permanently.
SmartWeave is Arweave’s lazy evaluation smart contract model. Contracts are stored on-chain as transaction data, but computation is performed client-side by the user reading the contract. Each interaction appends a new transaction to the chain; the current state is computed by replaying the full transaction history on the client.
Arweave’s economic model is based on a storage endowment: the upfront payment for permanent storage is split between the immediate reward to the miner and a storage endowment pool. The endowment earns yield over time (assumed 0.5% decay in storage costs per year based on historical Moore’s Law-adjacent trends), theoretically paying for storage in perpetuity as hardware costs decline.
AR total supply is capped at 66 million tokens. Proof of Access (PoA) requires miners to demonstrate they are storing a randomly selected chunk of historical data (the “recall block”) to mine a new block. This creates a direct incentive to store old data: you cannot mine efficiently without it. This differs from PoW (compute competition) and PoS (capital competition), instead creating storage competition as the consensus mechanism.
AO is Arweave’s hyper-parallel computation layer. It uses an actor-oriented model where independent “processes” (actors) execute concurrently, passing messages to each other through Arweave as a message log. This enables unbounded parallel computation on Arweave’s permanent data store. AO processes are persistent (their state and messages are stored permanently on Arweave), composable, and can spawn subprocesses.